Misleading urinary protein pattern in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia: effects of mechanical concentration of urine.

1. Mogensen CE, Christensen CK. Predicting nephropathy in insulin dependent patients. N Engl J Med 1984;311:89–93. 2. Andrzej S, Krowlewski MD, Lori MB, Laffel MD, Krowlewski M, Quinn M, Warram JH. Glycosylated hemoglobin and the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 977–86. 3. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Kidney Int 1995;47: 1705–20. 4. Mogensen CE, Keane WF, Bennet PH, Jerums G, Parving HH, Passa P, et al. Prevention of diabetic renal disease with special reference to microalbuminuria. Lancet 1995;346:1080–4. 5. Rowe DJF, Dawnay A, Watts GF. Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus: review and recommendations for the measurement of albumin in urine. Ann Clin Biochem 1990;27:297–312. 6. Mogensen CE, Chachati A, Christensen CK. Microalbuminuria: an early marker of renal involvement in diabetes. Uremia Investig 1986;9:85–95. 7. Kouri T, Solakivi T, Harmoinen A. Performance of Nycocard Albumin and Micral Test, rapid methods for detecting microalbuminuria. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1994;32:419–23. 8. Price CP, Newman DJ. Light-scattering immunoassay. In: Price CP, Newman DJ, eds. Principles and practice of immunoassay. London: Macmillan, 1997:443–80. 9. Thakkar H, Newman DJ, Holownia P, Davey CL, Wong CC, Lloyd J, et al. Development and validation of a particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric inhibition assay for urine albumin on the Dade aca analyzer. Clin Chem 1997;43:109–13. 10. John WR, Edwards R, Price CP. Laboratory evaluation of the DCA 2000 HbA1c immunoassay analyzer. Ann Clin Biochem 1994;31:367–70. 11. Whicher JT, Ritchie RF, Johnson M, Baudner S, Bienvenu J, Blirup-Jensen S, et al. New international Reference Preparation for Proteins in Human Serum (RPPHS). Clin Chem 1994;40:934–8. 12. Benedict SR, Behre JA. Some applications of a new color reaction for creatinine. J Biol Chem 1936;114:512–32. 13. Passing H, Bablock W. A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical measurements. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1983;21:709–20. 14. American Diabetes Association. Diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 1997; 20:S24–7. 15. Bullock DG, Dumont G, Vassault A, Aguzzi F, Chambers RE, Milford-Ward A, et al. Immunochemical assays of serum proteins: a European external quality assessment survey and the effects of calibration procedures on interlaboratory agreement. Clin Chim Acta 1990;187:21–35. 16. Price CP, Newman DJ. First international reference preparation for individual proteins in urine. Clin Biochem 1998;31:467–74.